Age-related Macular Degeneration

Macular degeneration, commonly referred to as age-related macular degeneration (AMD), is the largest cause of sight loss in the developed world and affects more than 10 million Americans. It usually affects people over 60 but has been known to affect younger patients as well. It is a painless condition that usually affects both eyes and causes loss of central vision. It does not affect peripheral (or side) vision, meaning it does not cause total blindness. During your comprehensive eye exam, Dr. Khaldieh can diagnose AMD and prescribe treatment based on the type and severity of the condition. 

What is the macula? 

The macula is the most sensitive part of the retina and is responsible for our central vision and what allows us to see fine details with clarity.

Wet AMD 

In wet AMD, abnormal blood vessels grow into the macula and leak blood or fluid, causing scarring and rapid loss of central vision. Wet AMD can develop suddenly and rapid referral to a specialist is essential as it can be treated if caught quickly.

Dry AMD 

Dry AMD is the most common form of age-related macular degeneration. It happens when cells in the retina slowly die off over time and do not regenerate. Up to 15% of people with dry AMD go on to develop wet AMD, so you should see an optometrist if you notice sudden vision changes.

Symptoms of macular degeneration 

Macular degeneration affects each person differently, which means it can sometimes be difficult to notice symptoms, especially since you may not notice any vision changes early on. However, as the cells deteriorate, you will start to see an increasing range of symptoms, including: 

• Distortion or bends in what should be straight lines (such as lampposts or door frames) 

• Dark spots in your central vision 

• Fading colors 

• Difficulty adapting from dark to light environments 

• Blurred vision 

• Objects may appear to change shape, size, or color or may move or disappear 

• Bright lights may be difficult to tolerate 

• Words may disappear while you are reading 

Is there any way I can reduce my risk of developing AMD? 

Unfortunately, the exact cause of macular degeneration is unclear. However, your risk increases if you have a family history of the condition or if you are over 60.

Experts suggest that the best thing you can do to minimize your risk is to ensure you live a healthy, active lifestyle. You can do this by: 

• Wearing sunglasses with 100% UV protection
  

• Stopping smoking 

• Eating a healthy, balanced diet with plenty of fruit and vegetables 

• Moderating your alcohol consumption 

• Maintaining a healthy weight 

• Getting regular exercise 

Limited research suggests that eating leafy, green vegetables can also slow down vision loss in cases of dry AMD.
  

Treatment for AMD 

Sadly, there is currently no cure for either type of AMD. For dry AMD, the goal of treatment is to help you make the most of your remaining vision, such as using magnifying glasses for reading.

With wet AMD, anti-vascular endothelial growth factor medication can stop additional blood vessels from developing and prevent further vision loss.

Occasionally, laser therapy is suggested as a possible treatment for destroying abnormal blood cells, but this is only suitable for cases of wet AMD and usually only around 1 in 7 sufferers may be potential candidates for this procedure.

If you have any questions or concerns regarding macular degeneration, we highly recommend that you speak with our optometrist who will be happy to assist you. Contact us today or book an appointment online to find out how we can help you protect your vision.